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GNDU Question Paper 2025
B.B.A 2
nd
Semester
Paper-ENAEC-101: English Language Skills-l
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
1. (A) Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple:
(i) Julia is good at languages ____________ (she/speak) four languages very well.
(ii) Kate ____________ (not/work) this week. She's on holiday.
(iii) Don't put the dictionary away. ___________ (l/use) it.
(iv) Are you hungry? ___________ (you/want) something to eat?
(v) Who is that man? ______________ (you/recognize) him?
(B) Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative :
(i) It was warm, so I ___________ off my coat. (take)
(ii) The film wasn't very good. I ___________ it much. (enjoy)
(iii) I was in hurry, so I __________ time to call you. (have)
(iv) We were very tired, so we _______ the party early. (leave)
(v) The bed was very uncomfortable. I ............... well. (sleep)
(C) Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do) ing of will have (done):
(i) Sarah will meet you at the station __________ for you when you arrive. (she/wait)
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(ii) If you need to contact me___________ , at the Lion hotel until Friday. (1/say)
(iii) I'm fed up with my job. I hope ________ it much longer. (I/not/do)
(iv) The meeting starts at 9.30 and won't last longer than an hour. You can be sure that
____________by 11 o'clock. (it/finish) or?
(v) There's an election next week. Who __________ for (you/vote)
(D) Complete the sentences using following words:
take, should, do, to, better
(i) The government should _________________ something about the problem.
(ii) The window is open. You'd _____________ close it before you go out.
(iii) You ____________ brush your teeth at least twice a day.
(iv) It might rain. We'd better_____________ an umbrella.
(v) What are we going to do? It's time_____________ decide.
2. (A) Complete the sentences using might be able to or might have to + one of these
verbs:
help, pay, leave, fix, wait
(i) I can come to the meeting, but I____________ before the end.
(ii) There' a long queeue. We __________ a long time.
(iii) I'm not sure whether this car park is free or not. We _____________
(iv) Tell me about your problem. I _____________ you.
(v) 'I've got a problem with my bike'. Let me have a look. I ______________ it.
(B) Put in must or can't:
(i) This bill ___________ be correct. It's much too high.
(ii) You've been travelling all day. You be _________ tired.
(iii) Karen hasn't left the office yet. She ___________ be working late tonight.
(iv) I often seen that man in this street. He ___________ live near here.
(v) That restaurant __________ be very good. It's always empty.
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(C) Complete the sentences with have to has to had to:
(1) Robert can't come out with us this evening _____________ late (the work)
(ii) Joe starts work at 5 am every day, which means four___________ At (he/get up)
(iii) We nearly missed the bus this morning ___________ to catch it. (we'run)
(iv) Was the exhibition free. Or __________ to go in? (you/pay)
(v) There was a lot of noise from the street ____________ the window. (we close)
(D) Complete the sentences using should following verb:
be. say. be done, vote, ask
(i) It is funny that you _______________. that. I was thinking the same thing.
(ii) I was surprised that they _____________ me for advice. What advice could I give them?
(iii) The bridge needs to be repaired. It's essential that the work ___________ as soon as
possible.
(iv) It's strange that he ___________ late. He's usually on time.
(v) That is democratic election, and it's important that you ____________.
SECTION-B
3. (A) White a paragraph on ONE of the following topics:
(i) Democracy in India
(ii) Noise Pollution.
(B) Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form, present or past:
make, damage, invite, show, cause
(i) Many accidents __________ by careless driving.
(ii) The roof of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.
(iii) You _____________ to the party. Why did't you go?
(iv) Cheese ______________ from milk.
(v) A cinema is a place where films ______________.
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(C) Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form):
(i) Anna ___________ goodbye to me and left.
(ii) Dan _____________ to me that he was bored with his job.
(iii) The doctor ______________ that I should rest for at least a week.
(iv) Gary couldn't help me. He _____________me to ask Chris.
(v) Don't just stand there! _______________ something?
4. (A) Write a paragraph on ONE of the following topics:
(i) Value of Leisure
(ii) Travel as a Means of Learning.
(B) Put in wish(ed) or hope
(d) I ___________ you a pleasant stay at this hotel.
(ii) Goodbye. I______________ you all the best for the future.
(iii) We're going to have a picnic tomorrow so I weather is nice. the
(iv) Enjoy your holiday. I.............. you have a great time.
(v) Good luck in your new job. I................ it works out well for you.
(C) Complete the sentences using being + the following verbs:
stick, keep, invite, give, bite
(i) How do you avoid _________ by mosquitoes?
(ii) You can't do anything about ___________ in a traffic jam.
(iii) We went to the wedding without __________
(iv) Steve hates _________ waiting.
(v) I like giving presents and I also like ____________ them.
SECTION-C
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5. Discuss the title of the essay 'The Power of Women.' Is it appropriate?
6. What does 'Democracy' generally mean? How does it vary from country to country?
SECTION-D
7. Narrate in your own words the story of Pabuji's heroism and its impact on the audience
of foreigners.
8. Bring out the element of humour in the essay 'My Financial Career'.
GNDU Answer Paper 2025
B.B.A 2
nd
Semester
Paper-ENAEC-101: English Language Skills-l
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION-A
1. (A) Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple:
(i) Julia is good at languages ____________ (she/speak) four languages very well.
(ii) Kate ____________ (not/work) this week. She's on holiday.
(iii) Don't put the dictionary away. ___________ (l/use) it.
(iv) Are you hungry? ___________ (you/want) something to eat?
(v) Who is that man? ______________ (you/recognize) him?
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Ans: (i) Julia is good at languages she speaks four languages very well.
(ii) Kate is not working this week. She's on holiday.
(iii) Don't put the dictionary away. I am using it.
(iv) Are you hungry? Do you want something to eat?
(v) Who is that man? Do you recognize him?
(B) Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative :
(i) It was warm, so I ___________ off my coat. (take)
(ii) The film wasn't very good. I ___________ it much. (enjoy)
(iii) I was in hurry, so I __________ time to call you. (have)
(iv) We were very tired, so we _______ the party early. (leave)
(v) The bed was very uncomfortable. I ............... well. (sleep)
Ans: (i) It was warm, so I took off my coat.
(ii) The film wasn't very good. I didn't enjoy it much.
(iii) I was in a hurry, so I didn't have time to call you.
(iv) We were very tired, so we left the party early.
(v) The bed was very uncomfortable. I didn't sleep well.
(C) Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do) ing of will have (done):
(i) Sarah will meet you at the station __________ for you when you arrive. (she/wait)
(ii) If you need to contact me___________ , at the Lion hotel until Friday. (1/say)
(iii) I'm fed up with my job. I hope ________ it much longer. (I/not/do)
(iv) The meeting starts at 9.30 and won't last longer than an hour. You can be sure that
____________by 11 o'clock. (it/finish) or?
(v) There's an election next week. Who __________ for (you/vote)
Ans: (i) Sarah will meet you at the station. She will be waiting for you when you arrive.
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(ii) If you need to contact me, I will be staying at the Lion Hotel until Friday.
(iii) I'm fed up with my job. I hope I will not be doing it much longer.
(iv) The meeting starts at 9:30 and won't last longer than an hour. You can be sure that it
will have finished by 11 o'clock.
(v) There's an election next week. Who will you be voting for?
(D) Complete the sentences using following words:
take, should, do, to, better
(i) The government should _________________ something about the problem.
(ii) The window is open. You'd _____________ close it before you go out.
(iii) You ____________ brush your teeth at least twice a day.
(iv) It might rain. We'd better_____________ an umbrella.
(v) What are we going to do? It's time_____________ decide.
Ans: (i) The government should do something about the problem.
(ii) The window is open. You'd better close it before you go out.
(iii) You should brush your teeth at least twice a day.
(iv) It might rain. We'd better take an umbrella.
(v) What are we going to do? It's time to decide.
2. (A) Complete the sentences using might be able to or might have to + one of these
verbs:
help, pay, leave, fix, wait
(i) I can come to the meeting, but I____________ before the end.
(ii) There' a long queeue. We __________ a long time.
(iii) I'm not sure whether this car park is free or not. We _____________
(iv) Tell me about your problem. I _____________ you.
(v) 'I've got a problem with my bike'. Let me have a look. I ______________ it.
Ans: (i) I can come to the meeting, but I might have to leave before the end.
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(ii) There's a long queue. We might have to wait a long time.
(iii) I'm not sure whether this car park is free or not. We might have to pay.
(iv) Tell me about your problem. I might be able to help you.
(v) I've got a problem with my bike. Let me have a look. I might be able to fix it.
(B) Put in must or can't:
(i) This bill ___________ be correct. It's much too high.
(ii) You've been travelling all day. You be _________ tired.
(iii) Karen hasn't left the office yet. She ___________ be working late tonight.
(iv) I often seen that man in this street. He ___________ live near here.
(v) That restaurant __________ be very good. It's always empty.
Ans: (i) This bill can't be correct. It's much too high.
(ii) You've been travelling all day. You must be tired.
(iii) Karen hasn't left the office yet. She must be working late tonight.
(iv) I often see that man in this street. He must live near here.
(v) That restaurant can't be very good. It's always empty.
(C) Complete the sentences with have to has to had to:
(1) Robert can't come out with us this evening _____________ late (the work)
(ii) Joe starts work at 5 am every day, which means four___________ At (he/get up)
(iii) We nearly missed the bus this morning ___________ to catch it. (we'run)
(iv) Was the exhibition free. Or __________ to go in? (you/pay)
(v) There was a lot of noise from the street ____________ the window. (we close)
Ans: (i) Robert can't come out with us this evening he has to work late.
(ii) Joe starts work at 5 am every day, which means he has to get up at four.
(iii) We nearly missed the bus this morning we had to run to catch it.
(iv) Was the exhibition free, or did you have to pay to go in?
(v) There was a lot of noise from the street we had to close the window.
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(D) Complete the sentences using should following verb:
be. say. be done, vote, ask
(i) It is funny that you _______________. that. I was thinking the same thing.
(ii) I was surprised that they _____________ me for advice. What advice could I give them?
(iii) The bridge needs to be repaired. It's essential that the work ___________ as soon as
possible.
(iv) It's strange that he ___________ late. He's usually on time.
(v) That is democratic election, and it's important that you ____________.
Ans: (i) It is funny that you should say that. I was thinking the same thing.
(ii) I was surprised that they should ask me for advice.
(iii) The bridge needs to be repaired. It's essential that the work should be done as soon as
possible.
(iv) It's strange that he should be late. He's usually on time.
(v) That is a democratic election, and it's important that you should vote.
SECTION-B
3. (A) White a paragraph on ONE of the following topics:
(i) Democracy in India
(ii) Noise Pollution.
Ans: (i) Democracy in India
Democracy is a system of government in which the people have the power to choose their
leaders and participate in decision-making through elections. India is known as the largest
democracy in the world, where millions of citizens take part in the democratic process.
After gaining independence from British rule in 1947, India adopted a democratic form of
government and implemented its Constitution on 26 January 1950. The Constitution laid the
foundation for a democratic republic where the power of governance ultimately lies in the
hands of the people.
One of the most important features of democracy in India is the principle of universal adult
franchise. This means that every citizen of India who is 18 years of age or older has the right
to vote, regardless of religion, caste, gender, language, or economic status. This principle
ensures equality and allows every citizen to participate in selecting the government.
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Elections are held regularly at national, state, and local levels. People vote for their
representatives who then form the government and make laws on behalf of the citizens.
India follows a parliamentary system of democracy. In this system, the government is
responsible to the Parliament, which represents the people. The Parliament of India has two
houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people, while members of the Rajya
Sabha are elected by the state legislatures. The Prime Minister, who is the head of the
government, is usually the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. This structure
ensures that the government remains accountable to the people.
Another important aspect of Indian democracy is the separation of powers among three
branches of government: the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The legislature makes
laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary interprets the laws and ensures
justice. This system prevents the concentration of power in one institution and maintains
balance in governance. The judiciary in India is independent and plays a crucial role in
protecting the rights of citizens.
The Fundamental Rights provided by the Constitution are also a key element of democracy
in India. These rights guarantee freedom of speech and expression, equality before the law,
freedom of religion, and protection against discrimination. These rights ensure that citizens
can live with dignity and participate freely in democratic activities. If these rights are
violated, citizens can approach the courts for justice.
India’s democracy is also strengthened by the presence of multiple political parties. These
parties represent different ideologies, interests, and sections of society. During elections,
political parties present their policies and promises to the people, who then decide which
party should govern the country. The presence of various political parties encourages
debate, discussion, and competition, which are essential for a healthy democracy.
Another important feature is the system of local self-government, which allows people to
participate in decision-making at the grassroots level. Institutions such as Panchayats in
rural areas and Municipalities in urban areas enable citizens to take part in managing local
affairs. This decentralization of power strengthens democracy by bringing governance closer
to the people.
Despite its strengths, democracy in India also faces several challenges. Issues such as
corruption, misuse of power, political violence, and lack of awareness among voters
sometimes weaken the democratic system. Social and economic inequalities also affect
people’s ability to participate fully in the democratic process. However, India continues to
work towards overcoming these challenges through reforms, education, and increased
public awareness.
In conclusion, democracy in India is a powerful system that gives citizens the right to
participate in governance and choose their leaders. It promotes equality, freedom, and
justice for all. Although there are challenges, the democratic framework of India remains
strong because of its Constitution, independent institutions, and the active participation of
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its people. Democracy in India is not only a form of government but also a way of life that
encourages respect for diversity, dialogue, and cooperation among its citizens.
(ii) Noise Pollution.
Ans: Introduction
Noise pollution is one of the most overlooked yet harmful forms of pollution in modern
society. Unlike air or water pollution, which we can see or feel directly, noise pollution
creeps into our lives silently, disturbing our peace, health, and environment. It refers to the
excessive or disturbing sounds in our surroundings that interfere with normal activities,
communication, and well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, with growing urbanization,
industrialization, and traffic, noise pollution has become an unavoidable reality.
Sources of Noise Pollution
Noise pollution originates from multiple sources in our daily lives:
• Traffic: Honking vehicles, crowded roads, and constant movement of buses, trucks,
and motorcycles.
• Industries: Factories with heavy machinery, construction sites, and power plants.
• Urban Lifestyle: Loudspeakers, music systems, celebrations, and public gatherings.
• Airports and Railways: Aircraft engines and train operations contribute significantly
to noise levels.
Analogy: Imagine trying to read a book in a library where everyone is shouting—it becomes
impossible to focus. That’s how noise pollution affects our environment.
Effects of Noise Pollution
1. On Human Health
• Physical Effects: Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause hearing loss,
headaches, and increased blood pressure.
• Mental Effects: Noise leads to stress, irritability, lack of concentration, and disturbed
sleep.
• Behavioral Changes: People exposed to constant noise may become aggressive or
anxious.
2. On Society
• Noise pollution reduces productivity in workplaces and schools.
• It creates conflicts in communities, especially when loudspeakers or construction
disturb residential areas.
• It affects communication—important messages may be lost in the background noise.
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3. On Environment
• Wildlife is highly sensitive to sound. Birds, animals, and marine life suffer when
exposed to unnatural noise.
• For example, loud ship engines disturb dolphins and whales, affecting their
communication and migration.
Measures to Control Noise Pollution
• Government Regulations: Laws restricting the use of loudspeakers at night, setting
permissible noise levels in residential and industrial areas.
• Urban Planning: Designing cities with green belts and soundproofing measures to
reduce noise.
• Public Awareness: Encouraging people to avoid unnecessary honking and reduce
loud celebrations.
• Technology: Using quieter machinery, sound barriers, and noise-canceling devices.
Example: In many Indian cities, police fine vehicles for unnecessary honking, promoting
discipline and reducing noise levels.
Importance of Addressing Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is often ignored because it doesn’t leave visible marks like smoke or dirty
water. Yet, its impact is equally damaging. By controlling noise, we can:
• Improve public health.
• Enhance concentration and productivity.
• Create peaceful communities.
• Protect wildlife and the environment.
Conclusion
Noise pollution is more than just an annoyance—it is a serious environmental issue affecting
health, society, and nature. With growing urbanization, it is essential to recognize noise as a
pollutant and take steps to minimize it. Strict laws, better planning, and public cooperation
can help reduce noise levels.
(B) Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form, present or past:
make, damage, invite, show, cause
(i) Many accidents __________ by careless driving.
(ii) The roof of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.
(iii) You _____________ to the party. Why did't you go?
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(iv) Cheese ______________ from milk.
(v) A cinema is a place where films ______________.
Ans: (i) Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
(ii) The roof of the building was damaged in a storm a few days ago.
(iii) You were invited to the party. Why didn't you go?
(iv) Cheese is made from milk.
(v) A cinema is a place where films are shown.
(C) Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form):
(i) Anna ___________ goodbye to me and left.
(ii) Dan _____________ to me that he was bored with his job.
(iii) The doctor ______________ that I should rest for at least a week.
(iv) Gary couldn't help me. He _____________me to ask Chris.
(v) Don't just stand there! _______________ something?
Ans: (i) Anna said goodbye to me and left.
(ii) Dan told me that he was bored with his job.
(iii) The doctor said that I should rest for at least a week.
(iv) Gary couldn't help me. He told me to ask Chris.
(v) Don't just stand there! Say something.
4. (A) Write a paragraph on ONE of the following topics:
(i) Value of Leisure
(ii) Travel as a Means of Learning.
Ans: (i) Value of Leisure
Leisure is an important part of human life. It refers to the free time that people get after
completing their daily work and responsibilities. In modern life, people are often very busy
with their jobs, studies, and household duties. Because of this busy schedule, many people
forget the importance of leisure. However, leisure is necessary for maintaining a healthy and
balanced life. It gives individuals the opportunity to relax, refresh their minds, and regain
energy to perform their duties more effectively.
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Leisure plays a very important role in improving both physical and mental health.
Continuous work without rest can cause stress, fatigue, and mental exhaustion. When a
person takes some time for leisure activities, it helps the mind and body to relax. Activities
such as reading books, listening to music, walking in nature, playing sports, watching
movies, or spending time with friends and family can reduce stress and bring happiness.
Leisure acts like a medicine that helps people recover from the pressure of daily life.
Another important value of leisure is that it promotes creativity and personal development.
During leisure time, people can explore their interests and hobbies. For example, some
people enjoy painting, writing, gardening, cooking, or learning a musical instrument. These
activities help individuals develop new skills and talents. Leisure also encourages creativity
because when the mind is relaxed, it can think more freely and generate new ideas. Many
great inventions and artistic works have been created during moments of relaxation and
reflection.
Leisure also strengthens social relationships. In today’s fast-moving world, people often
become busy and spend very little time with their families and friends. Leisure provides an
opportunity to reconnect with loved ones. Family outings, picnics, and social gatherings
allow people to share experiences and strengthen emotional bonds. Spending leisure time
with others improves communication, understanding, and cooperation among individuals.
Furthermore, leisure contributes to the development of a balanced personality. When a
person engages in leisure activities such as sports or cultural programs, it improves
discipline, teamwork, and self-confidence. For example, playing games not only provides
enjoyment but also teaches important values such as patience, fairness, and cooperation.
Similarly, activities like reading or traveling help in expanding knowledge and broadening
perspectives.
Leisure also has economic and social benefits. Many industries such as tourism,
entertainment, sports, and recreation exist because people spend their leisure time on such
activities. These industries create employment opportunities and contribute to economic
growth. Thus, leisure not only benefits individuals but also plays a role in the development
of society.
However, it is important to use leisure time wisely. Some people misuse their leisure time
by engaging in harmful habits such as excessive use of mobile phones, watching television
for long hours, or indulging in unhealthy activities. Leisure should be used in a way that
brings relaxation, learning, and personal growth. Constructive leisure activities can make life
more meaningful and enjoyable.
In conclusion, leisure is an essential part of a healthy and happy life. It helps people relax,
reduce stress, develop talents, strengthen relationships, and improve overall well-being. A
balanced life requires both work and leisure. Just as work is necessary for progress, leisure is
necessary for peace of mind and personal happiness. Therefore, everyone should learn to
value and utilize their leisure time in a positive and productive way.
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(ii) Travel as a Means of Learning.
Ans: (ii) Travel as a Means of Learning
Travel is one of the most effective and enjoyable ways of learning. While books and
classrooms provide theoretical knowledge, travel offers practical experience and real-life
understanding. When people travel to different places, they get the opportunity to see new
environments, meet different people, and learn about various cultures and traditions. In this
way, travel becomes a powerful source of education.
One of the greatest benefits of travel is that it broadens a person’s knowledge and
perspective. When individuals visit new cities, states, or countries, they observe different
lifestyles, languages, foods, and customs. This exposure helps them understand the diversity
of the world. For example, traveling to historical places allows people to learn about the
past, the achievements of ancient civilizations, and the cultural heritage of a nation. Such
experiences make learning more interesting and memorable than reading about these
topics in books.
Travel also helps people develop practical skills and independence. When a person travels,
they often have to plan their journey, manage time, communicate with strangers, and solve
unexpected problems. These experiences improve decision-making ability, confidence, and
adaptability. Travelers learn how to adjust to different situations and environments, which is
an important life skill.
Another important aspect of travel is cultural understanding. When people interact with
individuals from different backgrounds, they learn to respect and appreciate cultural
differences. This helps in reducing prejudice and promoting harmony among people. Travel
teaches us that although people may have different customs and traditions, they share
many common values such as kindness, hospitality, and cooperation.
Travel also provides opportunities to learn about geography and nature. Visiting mountains,
rivers, forests, deserts, and seas allows people to understand the beauty and diversity of the
natural world. For example, seeing the Himalayas, the deserts of Rajasthan, or the beaches
of Goa gives travelers a deeper appreciation of nature’s wonders. Such experiences also
create awareness about environmental conservation and the importance of protecting
natural resources.
In addition, travel contributes to personal growth and happiness. It refreshes the mind and
breaks the routine of everyday life. Exploring new places and experiencing different cultures
brings excitement and joy. It also helps individuals become more open-minded and curious
about the world around them.
Educational institutions also recognize the value of travel. Many schools and colleges
organize educational tours, field trips, and study visits. These activities help students
connect classroom knowledge with real-world experiences. For instance, visiting museums,
historical monuments, or scientific institutions provides students with practical
understanding that cannot be gained only through textbooks.
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However, travel should be planned carefully to make the most of the learning experience.
Travelers should try to observe their surroundings, interact with local people, and learn
about the history and culture of the places they visit. Responsible travel also involves
respecting local traditions and protecting the environment.
In conclusion, travel is an excellent means of learning because it combines knowledge with
experience. It broadens the mind, develops practical skills, promotes cultural understanding,
and deepens appreciation for nature and history. Travel not only educates individuals but
also enriches their lives with valuable memories and experiences. Therefore, it can rightly be
said that travel is one of the best teachers in life.
(B) Put in wish(ed) or hope
(d) I ___________ you a pleasant stay at this hotel.
(ii) Goodbye. I______________ you all the best for the future.
(iii) We're going to have a picnic tomorrow so I weather is nice. the
(iv) Enjoy your holiday. I.............. you have a great time.
(v) Good luck in your new job. I................ it works out well for you.
Ans: (i) I wish you a pleasant stay at this hotel.
(ii) Goodbye. I wish you all the best for the future.
(iii) We're going to have a picnic tomorrow, so I hope the weather is nice.
(iv) Enjoy your holiday. I hope you have a great time.
(v) Good luck in your new job. I hope it works out well for you.
(C) Complete the sentences using being + the following verbs:
stick, keep, invite, give, bite
(i) How do you avoid _________ by mosquitoes?
(ii) You can't do anything about ___________ in a traffic jam.
(iii) We went to the wedding without __________
(iv) Steve hates _________ waiting.
(v) I like giving presents and I also like ____________ them.
Ans: (i) How do you avoid being bitten by mosquitoes?
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(ii) You can't do anything about being stuck in a traffic jam.
(iii) We went to the wedding without being invited.
(iv) Steve hates being kept waiting.
(v) I like giving presents and I also like being given them.
SECTION-C
5. Discuss the title of the essay 'The Power of Women.' Is it appropriate?
Ans: Discuss the Title of the Essay “The Power of Women.” Is It Appropriate?
The title of an essay plays a very important role because it gives readers an idea about the
main theme or message of the essay. A good title should reflect the central idea and
purpose of the writing. The essay “The Power of Women” highlights the strength, abilities,
and important role of women in society. The title is appropriate because it clearly expresses
the idea that women possess great inner strength, intelligence, and influence, which help
shape families, communities, and the entire world.
First of all, the title emphasizes the strength and capability of women. Traditionally, many
societies considered women weaker than men and limited their roles to household duties.
However, over time, women have proved that they are capable of performing many
responsibilities successfully. Women have shown their power in various fields such as
education, politics, science, business, sports, and social work. For example, women today
serve as leaders, teachers, doctors, scientists, and entrepreneurs. Their achievements
demonstrate that women have the ability to contribute significantly to the development of
society. Therefore, the title “The Power of Women” perfectly reflects the idea that women
possess great potential and strength.
Secondly, the essay also highlights the moral and emotional power of women. Women
often play a central role in shaping families and nurturing future generations. As mothers,
sisters, daughters, and wives, they provide care, support, and guidance to others. Their
patience, compassion, and determination help maintain harmony within families and
communities. The influence of women in raising children and teaching values such as
honesty, kindness, and responsibility is extremely important. This emotional strength and
nurturing ability can also be considered a form of power, which justifies the title of the
essay.
Another important aspect of the title is the role of women in social change and progress.
Throughout history, many women have fought for equality, justice, and human rights.
Women have led movements for education, political participation, and social reform. In
many countries, women struggled for the right to vote and to participate in public life. Their
efforts helped bring significant changes in society. Today, women continue to work for the
betterment of society by participating in social, political, and economic activities. The title
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“The Power of Women” reflects this ability of women to bring positive change and progress
in the world.
The title is also appropriate because it helps challenge traditional stereotypes and
discrimination against women. In many societies, women were treated unfairly and denied
equal opportunities. The idea of women’s power reminds people that women are not weak
or dependent but are capable individuals with their own talents and strengths. Recognizing
the power of women encourages society to respect their rights and provide equal
opportunities for education, employment, and leadership. Thus, the title carries a message
of empowerment and equality.
Furthermore, the essay likely shows that the power of women does not always come from
physical strength but from intelligence, resilience, determination, and creativity. Women
often overcome many difficulties and obstacles in life, yet they continue to work hard and
achieve success. Their ability to manage multiple responsibilities, such as balancing work
and family life, demonstrates their strong character and determination. This inner strength
is an important form of power that deserves recognition.
In modern times, the importance of women’s empowerment is widely recognized across the
world. Governments and organizations are working to improve the status of women
through education, employment opportunities, and legal protection. When women are
educated and empowered, they can contribute more effectively to the progress of society
and the nation. Therefore, recognizing the power of women is essential for achieving social
development and equality.
In conclusion, the title “The Power of Women” is very appropriate for the essay because it
clearly represents the central idea of women’s strength, influence, and importance in
society. The title highlights the capabilities, emotional strength, and contributions of women
in various fields of life. It also encourages people to respect and empower women by
providing equal opportunities and recognition. Thus, the title effectively captures the
message that women possess great power that can positively shape families, societies, and
the world.
6. What does 'Democracy' generally mean? How does it vary from country to country?
Ans: Introduction
Democracy is one of the most widely discussed political systems in the world. At its core, it
means rule by the people—a system where citizens have the right to participate in decision-
making, either directly or through elected representatives. It is built on values like equality,
freedom, and justice. However, democracy is not a one-size-fits-all model. Different
countries practice democracy in different ways, shaped by their history, culture, and social
conditions.
What Democracy Generally Means
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1. Popular Sovereignty
In a democracy, ultimate power rests with the people. Citizens elect leaders to represent
their interests and make decisions on their behalf.
2. Political Equality
Every citizen, regardless of wealth, caste, religion, or gender, has equal rights to vote and
participate in governance.
3. Rule of Law
Democracy ensures that laws apply equally to all. No one is above the law—not even the
leaders.
4. Protection of Rights
Democracy safeguards fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and
assembly.
5. Accountability and Transparency
Leaders are accountable to the people. Regular elections, free press, and independent
judiciary ensure transparency in governance.
Analogy: Democracy is like a classroom where every student gets a chance to raise their
hand and share their opinion, instead of only the teacher deciding everything.
Variations of Democracy Across Countries
1. Direct vs. Representative Democracy
• Direct Democracy: Citizens directly vote on laws and policies. Example: Switzerland,
where referendums are common.
• Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives who make decisions.
Example: India, USA, UK.
2. Presidential vs. Parliamentary Systems
• Presidential Democracy: The President is both head of state and government,
elected separately from the legislature. Example: USA.
• Parliamentary Democracy: The Prime Minister is chosen from the majority party in
parliament. Example: India, UK.
3. Federal vs. Unitary Democracies
• Federal: Power is shared between central and state governments. Example: India,
USA.
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• Unitary: Power is concentrated in the central government. Example: France.
4. Liberal vs. Illiberal Democracies
• Liberal Democracy: Protects individual rights, free press, and independent judiciary.
Example: Canada.
• Illiberal Democracy: Elections are held, but rights and freedoms are restricted.
Example: Some countries where governments control media and limit dissent.
5. Cultural Variations
• In India, democracy reflects diversity—different religions, languages, and castes
participate in governance.
• In Japan, democracy emphasizes harmony and consensus.
• In Western countries, democracy often highlights individual freedom and personal
rights.
Challenges in Democracy
• Corruption: Leaders may misuse power.
• Inequality: Poor and marginalized groups may struggle to have their voices heard.
• Populism: Leaders may exploit emotions rather than focus on real issues.
• Global Influence: International pressures can affect domestic democratic choices.
Conclusion
Democracy generally means government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
It is based on equality, freedom, and accountability. Yet, democracy varies from country to
country depending on political systems, cultural traditions, and historical experiences.
SECTION-D
7. Narrate in your own words the story of Pabuji's heroism and its impact on the audience
of foreigners.
Ans: The Story of Pabuji’s Heroism and Its Impact on the Audience of Foreigners
The story of Pabuji is a famous folk tale from the state of Rajasthan in India. It is a heroic
legend that has been passed down from generation to generation through oral tradition and
folk performances. The story is usually narrated by traditional storytellers known as Bhopas,
who sing the tale while pointing to a painted scroll called a phad. Through music, narration,
and dramatic expression, the Bhopas bring the life and heroism of Pabuji alive before the
audience. This powerful storytelling tradition has fascinated not only Indian listeners but
also many foreigners who come to experience the richness of Indian culture.
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Pabuji is remembered as a brave Rajput hero who was known for his courage, honesty, and
strong sense of duty. According to the legend, Pabuji was born into a royal family and from
childhood showed qualities of bravery and kindness. He believed in protecting the weak and
helping those who were in trouble. One of the most famous parts of the story is his promise
to protect the cattle of a woman named Deval. In the rural culture of Rajasthan, cattle are
extremely valuable, and protecting them is considered a noble act.
The story tells that Deval’s cows were stolen by enemies. When she approached Pabuji for
help, he immediately promised to bring them back safely. Even though Pabuji was in the
middle of his own wedding ceremony, he did not hesitate to leave the celebration to fulfill
his promise. This moment clearly shows his dedication to honor and duty. For Pabuji,
keeping his word was more important than personal happiness or comfort.
Pabuji bravely rode out with his companions to fight the enemies who had stolen the cattle.
During the battle, he showed extraordinary courage and determination. He fought fearlessly
against a large group of enemies in order to rescue the cows and protect the dignity of the
people who trusted him. Eventually, he succeeded in recovering the cattle, but during the
fierce battle he was seriously wounded. According to the legend, Pabuji sacrificed his life
while fulfilling his promise.
Because of this act of bravery and sacrifice, Pabuji is regarded not only as a hero but also as
a folk deity in many parts of Rajasthan. People worship him as a protector of cattle and a
symbol of honor and loyalty. His story teaches important values such as courage, honesty,
commitment, and selflessness. These qualities make his legend deeply meaningful to the
people who hear it.
When foreigners watch the performance of Pabuji’s story by the Bhopas, they are often
deeply impressed. For many foreign visitors, the experience is very unique because the
storytelling style is different from modern theatre or cinema. The performance usually takes
place at night with the painted scroll illuminated by a lamp. The singer narrates the story in
a rhythmic and musical way while pointing to different scenes on the painting. The
atmosphere becomes magical and captivating.
Foreign audiences are often fascinated by the combination of art, music, history, and
storytelling. They admire the dedication of the Bhopas who have memorized the entire
story and perform it with great passion. The colorful paintings, traditional costumes, and
emotional singing create a powerful cultural experience that leaves a lasting impression on
them.
Another reason foreigners are touched by the story is the universal message it carries. Even
though the story belongs to Rajasthan, the themes of bravery, sacrifice, loyalty, and keeping
one's promise are values that people all over the world can understand and respect. Many
foreign listeners feel inspired by Pabuji’s willingness to risk his life for the sake of his word
and for the protection of others.
The story also helps foreigners understand the deep cultural traditions of rural India. It
shows how history, religion, art, and community life are closely connected in Indian society.
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Through this folk legend, they get a glimpse of the values and beliefs that have shaped the
lives of people in Rajasthan for centuries.
In conclusion, the story of Pabuji’s heroism is not only an exciting tale of bravery but also a
powerful lesson about honor, loyalty, and sacrifice. The traditional performance by the
Bhopas brings the legend to life in a unique and artistic way. For foreign audiences,
witnessing this story is a memorable experience that introduces them to the richness of
Indian folk culture and leaves them deeply moved and inspired.
8. Bring out the element of humour in the essay 'My Financial Career'.
Ans: Introduction
Stephen Leacock’s essay “My Financial Career” is a delightful piece of humorous writing
that captures the nervousness and awkwardness of an ordinary man trying to deal with the
intimidating world of banking. The essay is not just about money—it is about human
behavior, embarrassment, and the comedy that arises when everyday people face formal
institutions. The humor in the essay comes from exaggeration, irony, and the narrator’s
inability to handle simple tasks in a bank without turning them into a comedy of errors.
The Source of Humour in the Essay
1. The Narrator’s Nervousness
From the very beginning, the narrator admits that he feels nervous whenever he enters a
bank. This exaggerated fear of banks is humorous because most people see banks as
ordinary places, yet he treats them as if they were terrifying institutions. His nervousness
makes him act in strange ways, which creates comedy.
Example: He says that the moment he steps into a bank, he becomes “an irresponsible
fool.” This self-deprecating confession sets the tone of humor.
2. Exaggeration of Simple Situations
The essay takes ordinary banking activities—like opening an account or depositing money—
and exaggerates them into dramatic events. The narrator feels as if everyone in the bank is
watching him, judging him, and waiting for him to make a mistake.
Analogy: It’s like a student who feels that the whole classroom is staring at him when he
goes to sharpen his pencil. The exaggeration makes the situation funny.
3. Comic Misunderstandings
The narrator’s nervousness leads to misunderstandings. For example, when asked how
much money he wants to deposit, he blurts out “fifty-six dollars” in a trembling voice, as if
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he were confessing to a crime. Later, he mistakenly tries to withdraw all his money
immediately after depositing it, creating confusion for the bank staff.
The humor lies in the fact that the bank employees are calm and professional, while the
narrator behaves like a guilty man caught in a crime.
4. Irony and Contrast
The essay is full of irony. The narrator goes to the bank to open an account and begin his
financial career, but his behavior is so clumsy that he ends up withdrawing all his money and
leaving the bank in embarrassment. Instead of starting a financial career, he ends it in the
very first attempt.
This ironic twist is humorous because it highlights the gap between his intention and his
action.
5. Self-Deprecating Humour
Leacock uses himself as the subject of laughter. He does not mock others; instead, he laughs
at his own nervousness and mistakes. This makes the humor gentle and relatable. Readers
sympathize with him while also laughing at his exaggerated fears.
Example: He admits that he felt like a criminal when he entered the bank, even though he
was only depositing money. This self-mockery makes the essay charming.
Why the Essay is Funny Even Today
• Relatability: Many people still feel nervous in formal settings like banks, government
offices, or interviews.
• Exaggeration: The narrator’s over-the-top reactions make readers laugh.
• Universal Theme: The fear of institutions and the comedy of human mistakes are
timeless.
Conclusion
The humor in “My Financial Career” comes from Stephen Leacock’s ability to turn a simple
banking experience into a comedy of errors. His nervousness, exaggerations,
misunderstandings, and ironic ending make the essay both relatable and funny.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educational purposes. If you notice any mistakes or
have suggestions, feel free to share your feedback.”
